1. 3 Programs Of The Great Society

Great Society, political slogan used by U.S. President (served 1963–69) to identify his legislative program of national reform. In his first message after election in his own right, delivered on January 4, 1965, the president proclaimed his vision of a “Great Society” and pledged to redouble the “war on poverty” he had declared one year earlier. He called for an enormous program of, including federal support for, hospital care for the aged through an expanded program, and continued enforcement of the (1964) and “elimination of the barriers to the right to vote.” A majority of the new, elected with Johnson in a landslide in November 1964, shared the president’s vision, and almost all of the Great Society legislation was passed.

For the 1960s band featuring, see.The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by President in 1964–65. It was coined during a 1964 speech by President Lyndon B. Johnson at the and came to represent his domestic agenda. The main goal was the total elimination of poverty and racial injustice.New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation were launched during this period. The program and its initiatives were subsequently promoted by him and fellow in Congress in the 1960s and years following. The Great Society in scope and sweep resembled the domestic agenda of.Some Great Society proposals were stalled initiatives from 's. Johnson's success depended on his skills of persuasion, coupled with the Democratic that brought in many new liberals to Congress, making the House of Representatives in 1965 the most liberal House since 1938.Anti-war Democrats complained that spending on the choked off the Great Society.

While some of the programs have been eliminated or had their funding reduced, many of them, including, the and federal education funding, continue to the present. The Great Society's programs expanded under the administrations of Presidents. Contents.Economic and social conditions Unlike the old, which was a response to a severe financial and economic calamity, the Great Society initiatives came during a period of rapid economic growth. Kennedy proposed an across-the-board tax cut lowering the top marginal income tax rate in the United States by 20%, from 91% to 71%, which was enacted in February 1964, three months after Kennedy's assassination, under Johnson. The tax cut also significantly reduced marginal rates in the lower brackets as well as for corporations. The rose 10% in the first year of the tax cut, and economic growth averaged a rate of 4.5% from 1961 to 1968.GNP increased by 7% in 1964, 8% in 1965, and 9% in 1966. The unemployment rate fell below 5%, and by 1966 the number of families with incomes of $7,000 a year or more had reached 55%, compared with 22% in 1950.

In 1968, when published a new edition of The Affluent Society, the average income of the American family stood at $8,000, double what it had been a decade earlier. Johnson's speeches in Ohio and Michigan Johnson's first public reference to the 'Great Society' took place during a speech to students on May 7, 1964, at in:And with your courage and with your compassion and your desire, we will build a Great Society. It is a society where no child will go unfed, and no youngster will go unschooled.He later formally presented his specific goals for the Great Society in another speech at the in, on May 22, 1964.We are going to assemble the best thought and broadest knowledge from all over the world to find these answers. I intend to establish working groups to prepare a series of conferences and meetings—on the cities, on natural beauty, on the quality of education, and on other emerging challenges.

From these studies, we will begin to set our course toward the Great Society. Presidential task forces Almost immediately after the Ann Arbor speech, 14 separate task forces began studying nearly all major aspects of United States society under the guidance of presidential assistants.

In his use of task forces to provide expert advice on policy, Johnson was following Kennedy's example, but unlike Kennedy, Johnson directed his task forces to work in secret. His intent was to prevent his program from being derailed by public criticism of proposals that had not yet been reviewed. The average task force had five to seven members and generally was composed of governmental experts and academics.After the task force reports were submitted to the White House, Moyers began a second round of review. The recommendations were circulated among the agencies concerned, and strategies were developed for getting the proposed legislation through Congress.

On January 4, 1965, Johnson announced much of his proposed program in his.The election of 1964 With the exception of the, the Great Society agenda was not a widely discussed issue during the campaign. Johnson won the election with 61% of the vote, and he carried all but six states. Democrats gained enough seats to control more than two-thirds of each chamber in the, with a 68–32 margin in the and a 295–140 margin in the. The two sessions of the Eighty-Ninth Congress The political realignment allowed House leaders to alter rules that had allowed to kill New Frontier and civil rights legislation in committee, which aided efforts to pass Great Society legislation. In 1965, the first session of the Eighty-Ninth Congress created the core of the Great Society.

It began by enacting long-stalled legislation such as Medicare and federal aid to education and then moved into other areas, including high-speed mass transit, rental supplements, truth in packaging, environmental safety legislation, new provisions for mental health facilities, the, manpower training, the program, aid to urban mass transit, a demonstration cities program, a housing act that included rental subsidies, and an act for higher education. The Johnson Administration submitted 87 bills to Congress, and Johnson signed 84, or 96%, arguably the most successful legislative agenda in US congressional history. The major policy areas Privacy is a 1964 book on.

The book argues that changes in technology are encroaching on privacy and could create a society in the future with radically different privacy standards. Packard criticized advertisers' unfettered use of private information to create marketing schemes. He compared a recent Great Society initiative by then-president, the, to the use of information by advertisers and argued for increased measures to ensure that information did not find its way into the wrong hands. The essay led to create the and inspired privacy advocates such as and to fight what they perceived as Johnson's flagrant disregard for consumer privacy.

Ervin criticized Johnson’s domestic agenda as invasive and saw the unfiltered database of consumers' information as a sign of presidential abuse of power. Ervin warned that “The computer never forgets”.

Rosenberg dedicated a chapter of his 1969 book The Death of Privacy to the National Data Bank. Civil rights. President Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965.Historian Alan Brinkley has suggested that the most important domestic achievement of the Great Society may have been its success in translating some of the demands of the civil rights movement into law. Four civil rights acts were passed, including three laws in the first two years of Johnson's presidency. The forbade job discrimination and the segregation of public accommodations.The assured minority registration and voting.

It suspended use of literacy or other voter-qualification tests that had sometimes served to keep off voting lists and provided for federal court lawsuits to stop discriminatory. It also reinforced the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by authorizing the appointment of federal voting examiners in areas that did not meet voter-participation requirements. The abolished the national-origin quotas in immigration law. The banned housing discrimination and extended constitutional protections to on.Johnson recognized the benefits and costs of passing civil rights legislation.

His support for the 1964 Civil Rights Act was despite his personal opinions on racial matters, as Johnson regularly articulated thoughts and disparaging language against racial minorities, including against African-Americans and Asians. Scholar and biographer Robert Caro suggested that Johnson used racially charged language to appease legislators in an effort to pass civil rights laws, including adapting how he said the word 'negro' based upon where the legislator’s district was located. While the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is widely regarded as a landmark piece of legislation, Johnson was concerned that the Civil Rights Act gave Republicans control of the south, stating, 'we just delivered the South to the Republican Party for a long time to come.' The 'War On Poverty'. The August 1964 signing of the Poverty BillThe most ambitious and controversial part of the Great Society was its initiative to end poverty. The Kennedy Administration had been contemplating a federal effort against poverty. Johnson, who, as a teacher, had observed extreme poverty in among, launched an 'unconditional war on poverty' in the first months of his presidency with the goal of eliminating hunger, illiteracy, and unemployment from American life.

The centerpiece of the was the, which created an (OEO) to oversee a variety of community-based antipoverty programs.Federal funds were provided for special education schemes in slum areas, including help in paying for books and transport, while financial aid was also provided for slum clearances and rebuilding city areas. In addition, the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 created jobs in one of the most impoverished regions of the country. The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 provided various methods through which young people from poor homes could receive job training and higher education.The OEO reflected a fragile consensus among policymakers that the best way to deal with poverty was not simply to raise the incomes of the poor but to help them better themselves through education, job training, and community development. Central to its mission was the idea of ', the participation of the poor in framing and administering the programs designed to help them.Programs The War on Poverty began with a $1 billion appropriation in 1964 and spent another $2 billion in the following two years.

Main article:In 1966 welfare recipients of all ages received medical care through the program. Medicaid was created on July 30, 1965 under Title XIX of the Social Security Act of 1965. Each state administers its own Medicaid program while the federal (CMS) monitors the state-run programs and establishes requirements for service delivery, quality, funding, and eligibility standards.Welfare A number of improvements were made to the Social Security program in terms of both coverage and adequacy of benefits. The Tax Adjustment Act of 1966 included a provision for special payments under the social security program to certain uninsured individuals aged 72 and over. Main article:After the First National Conference on Long-Range Financing of Educational Television Stations in December 1964 called for a study of the role of noncommercial education television in society, the agreed to finance the work of a 15-member national commission. Its landmark report, Public Television: A Program for Action, published on January 26, 1967, popularized the phrase 'public television' and assisted the legislative campaign for federal aid.

The, enacted less than 10 months later, chartered the as a private, non-profit corporation.The law initiated federal aid through the CPB for the operation, as opposed to the funding of capital facilities, of public broadcasting. The CPB initially collaborated with the pre-existing system, but in 1969 decided to start the (PBS). A public radio study commissioned by the CPB and the and conducted from 1968 to 1969 led to the establishment of, a public radio system under the terms of the amended Public Broadcasting Act.Cultural centers Two long-planned national cultural and arts facilities received federal funding that would allow for their completion through Great Society legislation. A National Cultural Center, suggested during the Administration and created by a bipartisan law signed by, was transformed into the, a living memorial to the assassinated president.

Fundraising for the original cultural center had been poor prior to legislation creating the Kennedy Center, which passed two months after the president's death and provided $23 million for construction. The Kennedy Center opened in 1971.In the late 1930s the U.S. Congress mandated a art museum for the National Mall, and a design by was unveiled in 1939, but plans were shelved during World War II.

A 1966 act of the U.S. Congress established the as part of the with a focus on modern art, in contrast to the existing. The museum was primarily federally funded, although New York financier later contributed $1 million toward building construction, which began in 1969. The Hirshhorn opened in 1974. Transportation Transportation initiatives started during President Johnson's term in office included the consolidation of transportation agencies into a cabinet-level position under the. The department was authorized by Congress on October 15, 1966 and began operations on April 1, 1967. Congress passed a variety of legislation to support improvements in transportation including The which provided $375 million for large-scale urban public or private rail projects in the form of matching funds to cities and states and created the (now the ), which resulted in the creation of, and the —a bill largely taken credit for by, whose book he claims helped inspire the legislation.Consumer protection In 1964, Johnson named Assistant Secretary of Labor to be the first presidential assistant for consumer affairs.The of 1965 required packages to carry warning labels.

The Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 set standards through creation of the. The requires products identify manufacturer, address, clearly mark quantity and servings.

The statute also authorized the and the to establish and define voluntary standard sizes. The original would have mandated uniform standards of size and weight for comparison shopping, but the final law only outlawed exaggerated size claims.The Child Safety Act of 1966 prohibited any chemical so dangerous that no warning can make it safe. The Flammable Fabrics Act of 1967 set standards for children's sleepwear, but not baby blankets.The of 1967 required inspection of meat which must meet federal standards. The of 1968 required lenders and credit providers to disclose the full cost of finance charges in both dollars and annual percentage rates, on installment loan and sales.

The Wholesome Poultry Products Act of 1968 required inspection of poultry which must meet federal standards. The Land Sales Disclosure Act of 1968 provided safeguards against fraudulent practices in the sale of land.

The Radiation Safety Act of 1968 provided standards and recalls for defective electronic products.The environment has suggested that the Great Society's main contribution to the environment was an extension of protections beyond those aimed at the conservation of untouched resources. In a message he transmitted to Congress, President Johnson said:The air we breathe, our water, our soil and wildlife, are being blighted by poisons and chemicals which are the by-products of technology and industry. The society that receives the rewards of technology, must, as a cooperating whole, take responsibility for their control. To deal with these new problems will require a new conservation.

3 Programs Of The Great Society

We must not only protect the countryside and save it from destruction, we must restore what has been destroyed and salvage the beauty and charm of our cities. Our conservation must be not just the classic conservation of protection against development, but a creative conservation of restoration and innovation. — Special Message to the Congress on Conservation and Restoration of Natural Beauty; February 8, 1965At the behest of Secretary of the Interior, the Great Society included several new environmental laws to protect air and water. Environmental legislation enacted included:. Water Quality Act of 1965. of 1964. of 1966.

of 1968. of 1968. of 1965.

of 1965. of 1966. of 1968. of 1969Housing In 1964, the quality of the housing program was improved by requiring minimum standards of code enforcement, providing assistance to dislocated families and small businesses and authorizing below market interest loans for rehabilitating housing in urban renewal areas. The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 included important elements such as rent subsidies for low-income families, rehabilitation grants to enable low-income homeowners in urban renewal areas to improve their homes instead of relocating elsewhere, and improved and extended benefits for relocation payments. The Demonstration Cities Act of 1966 established a new program for comprehensive neighborhood renewal, with an emphasis on strategic investments in housing renovation, urban services, neighborhood facilities, and job creation activities.

Rural development A number of measures were introduced to improve socio-economic conditions in rural areas. Under Title III of the 1964 Economic Opportunity Act, Special Programs to Combat Rural Poverty, the Office for Economic Opportunity was authorized to act as a lender of last resort for rural families who needed money to help them permanently increase their earning capacity.

Loans could be made to purchase land, improve the operation of family farms, allow participation in cooperative ventures, and finance non-agricultural business enterprises, while local cooperatives which served low-income rural families could apply for another category of loans for similar purposes.Title III also made loans and grants available to local groups to improve housing, education, and child care services for migrant farm workers, while Titles I and II also included potentially important programs for rural development. Title I established the Job Corps which enrolled school dropouts in community service projects: 40% of the corpsmen were to work in a Youth Conservation Corps to carry out resource conservation, beautification, and development projects in the National Forests and countryside. Arguably more important for rural areas were the Community Action Programs authorized by Title II.

Federal money was allocated to States according to their needs for job training, housing, health, and welfare assistance, and the States were then to distribute their shares of the Community Action grants on the basis of proposals from local public or non-profit private groups.The Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 reorganized the Areas Redevelopment Administration (ARA) into the (EDA), and authorized $3.3 billion over 5 years while specifying seven criteria for eligibility. The list included low median family income, but the 6% or higher unemployment applied to the greatest number of areas, while the Act also mentioned outmigration from rural areas as a criterion. Encyclopedia of the City. P. 315.

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If anyone is interested, I have about 40 b-sides that I'll upload for anyone, including all of the studio b-sides on the singles, the reissue bonus tracks, the iTunes bonus tracks and other bits I picked up.EDIT: Nevermind, some guy on a RHCP message board I've just joined is sending me them. Shrimp boat cavale rar 2. I'll reverse it then. Any takers for b-sides?EDIT 2: I've recieved the files now. I know it's unlikely, but there may be some Chili Peppers b-sides collectors hidden here:nerdb. Also I would like Chili Peppers' Instrumental #2 (I think it may come with a foreign version of Californication).

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